Rhyme schemes, and how English people categorize "rhyme, is by looking at the last word of a line of poetry. They then give each ending word (or the sound of each ending word) a letter. Like letters rhyme together, unlike letter do not.
Example:
Roses are red (a) <---picked a to denote the "ed" sound of red. Violets are blue (b) <--- picked b to denote the long o sound of blue. Rhyming is pretty (c) <----does not rhyme with red or blue, so it must be different. and so are you (b) <----b again because it rhymes with "blue". With this tool in hand, you will be able to tell the rhyme schem of all poems. In fact, many of the named types of poems: sestina, sonnet, etc list their way of rhyming with this sort of alphabet rhyming notations. A few more examples to help you out:
ABAC
I never know (A)
How much flour and water (B)
Will make perfect dough. (A)
I’ll probably just go buy one. (C)
ABAB
My neighbor mowed his lawn, (A)
And then he looked at mine (B)
In disgust. I said to him, “Go on!”(A)
So he mowed my yard too, even under the big pine. (B)
ABCABC
Watching way too much T.V. (A)
Will rot your brain (B)
So they say. My dad (C)
Loved the T.V. more than me. (A)
So I put him in
And now I’m happy and he’s sad. (C)
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